Modeling the transmission dynamics and vaccination strategies for human papillomavirus infection: An optimal control approach

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have been introduced in several countries and shown positive results reducing HPV infection related diseases. Nevertheless, immunization programs remain sub-optimal more effort is needed to design efficient vaccination deployment. We formulate a two-sex deterministic mathematical model that incorporates the most important epidemiological features of associated cancers. To assess population-level impact programs, school-based vaccine delivery for juveniles catch-up adults. The dynamics are rigorously analyzed using next-generation operator, center manifold theorem, normal forms theory. an optimal control problem determine best deployment strategy plausible scenarios. establish existence solutions problem, use Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle characterize necessary conditions solutions. findings suggest if girls-only complemented with adult females, such program has potential achieve HPV-associated cancers eradication even boys males do not receive vaccine. also find deployment, terms minimizing diseases cost vaccination, allocate as much possible at initial phase epidemic once high coverage reached then gradually decrease rates.